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Kentucky is located in the
east central United States, bordering the Ohio River. Kentucky is
one of four states that bear the name commonwealth, and its
full title is the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Frankfort is the capital
of Kentucky. Louisville is the largest city and center of the state’s
largest metropolitan area.
Kentucky has had a rich and varied history since
frontier times, when it was the haunt of Daniel Boone and other
famous pioneers. Kentucky entered the Union on June 1, 1792, as the
15th state. Located on the border between the historical U.S.
regions of the North and the South, the state officially remained in
the Union during the American Civil War (1861-1865). But the state
was a contested area, and a considerable number of its citizens
fought with the Confederate army. Significantly, the key Civil War
political figures of the Union and the Confederacy, Abraham Lincoln
and Jefferson Davis, were both born in Kentucky. Kentucky slowly
recovered from the war, and in the remaining decades of the 19th
century, its people began to develop the manufacturing sector of the
state’s economy that remains its cornerstone today.
The name of the state is derived from a Cherokee
name for the area south of the Ohio River. The early pioneers
spelled the name in many ways, including "Kaintuckee" and
"Cantuckey." Its meaning is disputed, but some historians
believe it means "meadowland." The state’s official
nickname is the Bluegrass State, which is derived from the famed
bluegrass grown in pastures in central Kentucky. The grass, while
green itself, has buds with a purplish-blue hue, which give pastures
a bluish tint when seen from a distance. The nickname also
recognizes the role that the Bluegrass region has played in Kentucky’s
economy and history.
Kentucky is the 37th largest state in the Union,
with an area of 40,411 square miles, including 679 square miles of
inland water. The state has a maximum extent, from east to west, of
422 miles and a maximum dimension north to south of 182 miles.
Because the state’s borders are in part formed by three rivers
which often adjust their course, the state’s boundaries are
somewhat indeterminate. The approximate mean elevation is 750 feet.
The climate of Kentucky is characterized by warm
or hot summers and cool winters. Throughout the year, temperatures
do not vary greatly from place to place, although they are generally
slightly lower in the Appalachian Plateaus region than elsewhere in
the state. Average July temperatures are usually from 76° to 80°
in the central and western areas and from 74° to 76° in the east.
January averages range from below 34° in the northern Bluegrass
region to more than 38° in parts of the south. Temperatures below
freezing are common throughout the state during winter, although
extended periods of very cold weather do not occur every year.
Precipitation is, for the most part, dependable
and well distributed throughout the year. Precipitation ranges from
less than 42 inches in the northern Bluegrass region to more than 50
inches in the extreme south.
The growing season, or period from the last
killing frost in spring to the first killing frost in fall, varies
from less than 180 days in the north and in the farming areas of the
Appalachian Plateaus region to more than 210 days in the Mississippi
River valley.
The climate of Kentucky is characterized by warm
or hot summers and cool winters. Throughout the year, temperatures
do not vary greatly from place to place, although they are generally
slightly lower in the Appalachian Plateaus region than elsewhere in
the state. Average July temperatures are usually from 76° to 80°
in the central and western areas and from 74° to 76° in the east.
January averages range from below 34° in the northern Bluegrass
region to more than 38° in parts of the south. Temperatures below
freezing are common throughout the state during winter, although
extended periods of very cold weather do not occur every year.
Precipitation is, for the most part, dependable
and well distributed throughout the year. Precipitation ranges from
less than 42 inches in the northern Bluegrass region to more than 50
inches in the extreme south.
The growing season, or period from the last
killing frost in spring to the first killing frost in fall, varies
from less than 180 days in the north and in the farming areas of the
Appalachian Plateaus region to more than 210 days in the Mississippi
River valley. |